China: A Comprehensive Review of U.S. Sanctions and China’s Retaliatory Measures

March 10, 2026 1:30pm

Lila Landis
Global Head of Compliance
JAS Worldwide

Jahna Hartwig
Of Counsel
Wilson Sonsini

Yi Ying
Partner
K&L Gates

The Essentials of U.S. Sanctions on China

  • Use of The Entity List and the 50% Rule to cover beneficial ownership
  • Xinjiang and human rights-related designations, and the interplay with UFLPA
  • CMIC sanctions
  • Trump Administration Sanction Actions
  • Limitations on scope
    • CMIC-listed entities only
    • U.S. facilitation of foreign investments

Understanding OFAC’s Guidance and How to Apply It

Chinese Blocking Statute

  • Reporting requirement on Chinese companies
  • Prohibition on compliance with “foreign law”
  • Private right of action
  • Identification of “extraterritorial” laws – current status
  • Pending identification of “extraterritorial” laws
  • Potential for aggressive enforcement compared with the EU
  • Chinese Retaliation

China’s Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law

  • Risk retaliatory measures for compliance with foreign sanctions in China
  • Exposure to countersanctions by Beijing against persons or entities instigating or implementing sanctions
  • Retaliation for U.S. and EU sanctions over Xinjiang and Hong Kong

Chinese Data Security Law

  • New data security law requiring all companies in China to classify data
  • New rules regarding “critical information infrastructure”
  • Ambiguous classification and handling requirements
  • How will these new rules be enforced?
  • China’s Unreliable Entity List
  • Chinese consumer backlash